The first Code of Conduct on countering illegal hate speech online was adopted on 31 May 2016
by the Commission and Google (YouTube), Facebook, X (formerly Twitter) and Microsoft hosted consumer services, as relevant. Between 2018 and 2022, Instagram, Dailymotion, Snap
Inc., Jeuxvideo.com, TikTok, LinkedIn, Rakuten Viber and Twitch subscribed to the commitments of the Code (hereafter all the companies subscribing to the Code will be referred
to as the “the Signatories”).